INT249 CA1 SET 01 And Set 02 Questions

INT249 System Administration CA1 

SET 01 Questions

INT249 CA1 SET 01 And Set 02 Questions

01. Write down the steps for adding users in windows server 2012 r2 and set up IP addressing service role.

Sure, here are the steps for adding users in Windows Server 2012 R2 and setting up the IP Addressing Service role:

Adding Users:

1. Log in to the Windows Server 2012 R2 using an account with administrative privileges.
2. Open the Server Manager by clicking on the Server Manager icon in the taskbar or by searching for it in the Start menu.
3. In the Server Manager, click on the "Local Users and Groups" option under "Tools" in the left-hand navigation pane.
4. Right-click on the "Users" folder in the middle pane and select "New User".
5. Enter the required information for the new user, including their username, full name, and password.
6. Click "Create" to create the new user account.

Setting up IP Addressing Service Role:

1. Open the Server Manager and click on the "Add roles and features" option in the dashboard.
2. Click "Next" until you reach the "Server Roles" page.
3. Select "DHCP Server" and "DNS Server" roles from the list and click "Next".
4. Click "Next" on the "Features" page and then click "Install" to begin the installation process.
5. After the installation is complete, open the DHCP Server console from the Server Manager.
6. Right-click on the "IPv4" node and select "New Scope" to create a new DHCP scope.
7. Follow the wizard to set up the new DHCP scope, including the IP address range, subnet mask, and default gateway.
8. Configure DNS settings by opening the DNS Manager from the Server Manager.
9. Right-click on the server name and select "Configure a DNS Server".
10. Follow the wizard to set up the DNS server, including the forward and reverse lookup zones.

That's it! Your Windows Server 2012 R2 now has new users and IP Addressing Service role set up.

02. Suppose you are network admin, your organisation's web server is facing huge incoming traffic, which makes server overloaded? How would you resolve this problem in order to efficiently provide the services and balance the load?

If the organization's web server is facing a huge incoming traffic, causing it to become overloaded, there are several steps a network administrator can take to efficiently provide services and balance the load. Here are some possible solutions:

1. Increase Server Capacity: The first step is to assess the server capacity and determine whether it needs to be increased. The administrator can upgrade the server's hardware, such as the CPU, RAM, and storage. Additionally, the administrator may also increase the bandwidth of the server's network connection.
2. Use a Content Delivery Network (CDN): A CDN is a network of servers distributed globally that helps to deliver content faster to users by caching the content on servers closer to the user. This can reduce the load on the organization's web server by offloading some of the traffic to the CDN.
3. Load Balancing: Load balancing distributes incoming traffic across multiple servers, which can improve the efficiency and availability of the service. The administrator can set up load balancing using a hardware or software solution to distribute traffic evenly across servers.
4. Use Caching: Caching involves storing frequently accessed data in memory to reduce the need for the server to retrieve the data from disk. This can speed up the response time of the server and reduce the load on the server.
5. Optimize the Website: The administrator can optimize the website's code and resources to reduce the load on the server. This can involve minimizing the size of images, using CSS and JavaScript efficiently, and reducing the number of requests made by the website.
6. Implement Denial-of-Service (DoS) Protection: DoS attacks are a common way to overload web servers. The administrator can implement DoS protection to prevent these attacks from overwhelming the server.
7. Monitor and Analyze Traffic: Finally, the administrator should monitor and analyze the incoming traffic to identify any patterns or anomalies. This can help to identify the source of the traffic and take appropriate measures to mitigate the overload.

03. Discuss different types of network settings in Vmware. 

VMware is a popular virtualization software that allows users to run multiple operating systems on a single computer. VMware provides several types of network settings that enable virtual machines to communicate with the host computer and other virtual machines, as well as with other computers on the network. Here are some of the common network settings available in VMware:

1. Bridged Networking: Bridged networking connects the virtual machine directly to the physical network, allowing it to obtain an IP address from the DHCP server on the network. This setting enables the virtual machine to communicate with other computers on the same network as the host.
2. NAT Networking: NAT (Network Address Translation) networking enables the virtual machine to share the host computer's IP address and access the network through the host's connection. This setting provides internet connectivity for the virtual machine but restricts incoming connections.
3. Host-only Networking: Host-only networking creates a network that is only accessible to the host and the virtual machines on the same host. This setting enables virtual machines to communicate with each other but not with computers on the external network.
4. Custom Networking: Custom networking allows users to create a specific network configuration that meets their requirements. This setting provides greater control over network configuration, including IP address range, subnet mask, and gateway settings.
5. Network Address Translation (NAT) Service: The NAT service allows the virtual machine to use a range of IP addresses to communicate with other computers on the network. This setting provides access to the network through the host computer's connection.
6. VLAN Networking: VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) networking enables virtual machines to communicate with each other and the external network using VLAN tagging. This setting provides better network security and allows for greater flexibility in network configuration.

Overall, these network settings provide virtual machines with a wide range of connectivity options, enabling them to communicate with other computers on the network and access the internet. The choice of network setting depends on the requirements of the user and the specific use case.

04. Can we link third-party Directory service to an Active Directory? If yes then explain.

Yes, it is possible to link a third-party directory service to an Active Directory (AD) in a Microsoft Windows environment using a process called directory synchronization. Directory synchronization involves copying user and group accounts and their attributes from the third-party directory service to AD.

Here's how you can link a third-party directory service to an Active Directory:

Set up a Directory Synchronization tool: The first step is to set up a directory synchronization tool, such as Azure Active Directory Connect, to synchronize the user accounts and their attributes from the third-party directory service to AD.

Configure the Directory Synchronization tool: Next, configure the directory synchronization tool to connect to the third-party directory service and map the attributes of the user accounts in the third-party directory service to the corresponding attributes in AD.

Configure the Active Directory Federation Services (ADFS): ADFS is a service that enables users to authenticate across different systems and applications using a single set of credentials. Configure ADFS to authenticate users from the third-party directory service.

Configure the Trust Relationship: Establish a trust relationship between the third-party directory service and AD. This will allow users from the third-party directory service to access resources in AD using the same set of credentials.

Test the Setup: Once the synchronization and trust relationship is established, test the setup to ensure that users from the third-party directory service can access resources in AD.

It is important to note that the steps required to link a third-party directory service to an Active Directory may vary depending on the specific directory service and the tools used for directory synchronization. It is recommended to follow the vendor's documentation and best practices when configuring the synchronization and trust relationship.

SET 02 Questions

01. Write step by step procedure for Installation of Active Directory.

Here's a step-by-step procedure for installing Active Directory (AD) on a Windows Server:

1. Open the Server Manager: Log in to the Windows Server and open the Server Manager by clicking on the Server Manager icon in the taskbar.
2. Add the Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) Role: In the Server Manager, click on the "Add Roles and Features" option. In the Add Roles and Features Wizard, select "Role-based or feature-based installation" and click Next. Select the server where you want to install the AD DS role and click Next. In the Server Roles list, select "Active Directory Domain Services" and click Next. On the Features page, click Next without selecting any features.
3. Review the AD DS Role Services: On the AD DS page, review the information about the AD DS role and click Next.
4. Choose the Installation Type: On the Confirmation page, click "Install" to start the AD DS installation. Choose the installation type - "New forest" if this is the first domain controller in the forest, or "Add a domain controller to an existing domain" if you are adding a new domain controller to an existing domain.
5. Configure the Forest and Domain Settings: In the Domain Controller Options page, choose the forest and domain functional level. Enter a name for the domain and a NetBIOS name. Enter the Directory Services Restore Mode password and confirm it. Click Next.
6. Choose the Installation Location: On the Review Options page, review the installation options and click Install. The installation process will begin. The server will be restarted automatically.
7. Promote the Server to Domain Controller: After the server restarts, open the Server Manager and click on the flag icon in the top right corner. Click "Promote this server to a domain controller". In the Active Directory Domain Services Configuration Wizard, select "Add a domain controller to an existing domain" and click Next. Enter the domain name and the credentials of an account with permissions to add a domain controller to the domain. Choose the site where the domain controller will be located and click Next. Review the settings and click Next. On the Prerequisites Check page, review the warnings and click Install.
8. Complete the Installation: After the installation completes, the server will restart automatically. Log in to the server with a domain account to verify that the AD installation was successful.

These steps should provide a basic overview of the process for installing Active Directory on a Windows Server. However, it's important to follow best practices and vendor recommendations when installing and configuring Active Directory in a production environment.

02. Being server administrator, what kind of IP addressing you would use on host machine having server deployed. Discuss various methods for assigning IP address in windows server 2012 R2.

As a server administrator, I would recommend using a static IP address for the host machine having the server deployed. This ensures that the server always has a consistent and predictable IP address, which is important for network stability and ease of management.

There are several methods for assigning an IP address in Windows Server 2012 R2, including:

Static IP Address: In this method, the server administrator manually assigns an IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server addresses to the server's network interface card (NIC). This is a common method for servers, as it provides a predictable IP address that is not subject to change.

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP): DHCP is a service that automatically assigns IP addresses to clients on a network. The server administrator can configure the DHCP service on the server to assign IP addresses to clients within a certain range of addresses. This method can be convenient for managing a large number of clients, but it can also introduce potential network instability and security issues.

Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) Address: IPv6 is the next generation of the Internet Protocol, which provides a larger address space and improved security features. Windows Server 2012 R2 supports IPv6 addresses, which can be assigned using the same methods as IPv4 addresses.

Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA): APIPA is a fallback method that Windows uses when it cannot obtain an IP address from a DHCP server. In this method, the server automatically assigns an IP address within a certain range (169.254.x.x) to the server's NIC. This method should only be used as a last resort, as it can introduce network instability and security issues.

In summary, the static IP address is the recommended method for assigning an IP address to a server in Windows Server 2012 R2. DHCP can also be used for managing a large number of clients, and IPv6 can be used for improved security and address space. It's important to avoid using APIPA unless it's a last resort, as it can introduce network instability and security issues.

03. Write Common Sysadmin Responsibilities, Explain Servers Versus Workstations.

Common Sysadmin Responsibilities:

A system administrator (sysadmin) is responsible for the configuration, operation, and maintenance of computer systems and networks. Some common sysadmin responsibilities include:

1. Installing, configuring, and maintaining hardware and software systems
2. Managing users, groups, and security permissions
3. Monitoring system performance and troubleshooting issues
4. Backing up and restoring data
5. Managing and maintaining network infrastructure
6. Performing upgrades and updates to hardware and software
7. Implementing security measures to protect systems from external threats
8. Developing and documenting standard operating procedures
9. Providing technical support to end-users

Servers Versus Workstations:

Servers and workstations are both types of computer systems, but they serve different purposes in a network environment.

Servers are designed to provide services and resources to other computers on the network. They are typically configured with more powerful hardware than workstations and have specialized software installed, such as server operating systems, web servers, database servers, email servers, and file servers. Server hardware is often designed for high availability and redundancy, with features like hot-swappable drives and redundant power supplies. Sysadmins are responsible for configuring, maintaining, and monitoring servers to ensure they are running efficiently and providing the necessary services to users.

Workstations, on the other hand, are designed for individual users to perform tasks such as creating documents, browsing the web, and running applications. They typically have less powerful hardware than servers and are often pre-installed with a standard operating system such as Windows, MacOS, or Linux. Sysadmins are responsible for configuring, maintaining, and troubleshooting workstations to ensure they are running efficiently and providing the necessary tools to end-users.

In summary, servers and workstations serve different purposes in a network environment, and sysadmins have different responsibilities for each type of system. Servers are designed to provide services and resources to other computers on the network, while workstations are designed for individual users to perform tasks. Sysadmins are responsible for configuring, maintaining, and monitoring both servers and workstations to ensure they are running efficiently and providing the necessary services and tools to users.

04. What are a host, guest, and virtual machine?

In the context of virtualization, the terms "host," "guest," and "virtual machine" have specific meanings:

Host: The host is the physical machine that runs the virtualization software, such as VMware or Hyper-V. The host hardware provides the resources necessary to create and manage one or more virtual machines.

Guest: The guest is a virtual machine running on the host. It is a complete operating system installed on a virtualized hardware environment provided by the host. Guests can be a variety of operating systems, such as Windows, Linux, or MacOS.

Virtual Machine: A virtual machine (VM) is a software implementation of a computer system that executes programs like a physical machine. It includes a complete virtualized hardware environment, such as virtual CPUs, virtual memory, virtual disks, and virtual network interfaces. The virtual machine is created and managed by the virtualization software running on the host.

Virtualization allows multiple virtual machines to run on a single physical host, which can greatly improve resource utilization and reduce hardware costs. Each virtual machine has its own isolated environment, so changes made to one virtual machine do not affect other virtual machines running on the same host. This makes virtualization a popular solution for running multiple workloads on a single physical server.